The many individual moving parts of the piano can become compacted, worn, or misaligned with time and use.

 

Regulation is the adjustment of the mechanical aspects of a piano to compensate for the effects of wear, the compacting and settling of cloth, felt, and buckskin, as well as dimensional changes in wood and wool parts due to changes in humidity.

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Why should you have your piano regulated? In short, to optimize your piano's performance.